{"id":644,"date":"2022-09-21T09:05:06","date_gmt":"2022-09-21T09:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/?p=644"},"modified":"2022-09-21T09:05:06","modified_gmt":"2022-09-21T09:05:06","slug":"cac-nhiem-vu-cua-nguoi-truong-thanh-theo-quan-niem-cua-erikson-va-levinson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/2022\/09\/21\/cac-nhiem-vu-cua-nguoi-truong-thanh-theo-quan-niem-cua-erikson-va-levinson\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Erikson v\u00e0 Levinson."},"content":{"rendered":"

Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Erikson<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erikson l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc sinh ra t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di c\u01b0 sang M\u1ef9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Hitler th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. \u1ede v\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 ly h\u00f4n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi cha n\u00ean Erikson \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Theo \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f2n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trong tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 hay b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5, Erikson \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc so v\u1edbi l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n vai tr\u00f2. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p vai tr\u00f2 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo th\u1eddi gian. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Erikson \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p danh t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i sau \u0111\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 6, Erikson \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt so v\u1edbi C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Erikson n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p sau \u0111\u00f3, Erikson (1982) l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c sau khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng cam k\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 hai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Erikson l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang? Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a Rotenberg, Schaut v\u00e0 O’Connor (1993) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt cao, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00edt th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

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B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1eaft ngang kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Loevingers v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 (Loevinger & Blasi, 1976). Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t xung l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c theo th\u1eddi gian. Bakken v\u00e0 Huber (2005), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Loevinger (SCT; Hy & Loevinger, 1996), cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Levinson<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daniel J. Levinson, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Erik Erikson, Elliott Jaques v\u00e0 Bernice Neugarten. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. <\/p>\n\n\n

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SEP 22 1987; Daniel J. Levinson, psychology professor at Yale and author, says concept of mid-life transition is an important discovery; (Photo By John Prieto\/The Denver Post via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Levison cho r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: 16-20 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ; 21-29 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gia \u0111\u00ecnh ri\u00eang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p; 30-34 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng; 35-39 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; 40-42 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 43-50 l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Theo \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh 4 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn l\u00e0: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0“\u01af\u1edbc m\u01a1”, theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Levinson(1979), l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ho\u1eb7c vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y \/c\u00f4 \u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Theo Levinson v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. (1979), \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ” \u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 “. D\u00f9 cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c – \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u – th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n).\u00a0M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c “m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc” li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Drebing andooden (1991) nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd \u00edt tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng h\u01a1n, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n

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V\u1eady theo b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 n\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Erikson v\u00e0 Levinson hay kh\u00f4ng? \\<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mi\u1ec1n H\u1ea3i \u0110\u0103ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Erikson Erikson l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc sinh ra t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di c\u01b0 sang M\u1ef9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Hitler th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. \u1ede v\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 ly h\u00f4n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi cha n\u00ean Erikson \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,56,22,23,57,58,17,16,39],"class_list":["post-644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai-viet-tam-ly","tag-erikson","tag-levinson","tag-mien-hai-dang","tag-mienhaidang","tag-nguoi-truong-thanh","tag-nhiem-vu","tag-tam-ly-hoc","tag-tamlyhoc","tag-tham-van-tam-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamlymienhaidang.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}